Glossario IA
Il dizionario completo dell'Intelligenza Artificiale
Hodgkin-Huxley model
Mathematical model describing the dynamics of neuronal action potentials through coupled differential equations representing sodium, potassium, and leak ionic currents.
Izhikevich model
Two-dimensional neuronal model combining the dynamic richness of detailed models with computational efficiency, capable of reproducing various neuronal firing regimes.
Membrane potential
Electric potential difference between the inside and outside of a resting neuron, typically around -70mV, maintained by ionic pumps and concentration gradients.
Ionic currents
Flow of ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-) through the neuronal membrane via specific channels, generating membrane potential variations.
Voltage-dependent channels
Membrane proteins whose ionic conduction changes according to membrane potential, essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials.
Temporal integration
Process by which a neuron combines successive synaptic inputs over time to reach the firing threshold and generate an action potential.
FitzHugh-Nagumo model
Two-dimensional simplification of the Hodgkin-Huxley model capturing the essence of neuronal excitability through a fast voltage variable and a slow recovery variable.
Leaky integrate-and-fire model
Simplified neuronal model describing the integration of synaptic currents with charge leakage, generating a spike when the threshold is reached.
Morris-Lecar model
Two-variable neuronal model describing the excitability of muscles and neurons, incorporating voltage-dependent calcium and potassium currents.
Hindmarsh-Rose model
Three-dimensional neuronal model reproducing complex dynamics including chaotic behaviors and bursting discharge patterns.
Wilson-Cowan model
System of differential equations describing the dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations and their mutual interactions.
Rulkov model
Discrete-time neuronal model efficiently capturing bursting dynamics and transitions between different neuronal discharge states.
Mihalaş-Niebur model
Generalized discrete-time neuronal model including multiple ionic currents and capable of reproducing a wide range of neuronal dynamics.
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
Gradual depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane increasing the probability of discharge, generally mediated by glutamatergic receptors.
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
Hyperpolarization or inhibitory shunt of the postsynaptic membrane decreasing the probability of discharge, involving GABA or glycine.
Cable model
Mathematical description of the passive propagation of electrical potential in dendrites and axons treated as cylindrical cables.
Neuronal bursting
Firing pattern characterized by rapid groups of spikes followed by silent periods, resulting from interactions between fast and slow dynamics.